Governmental immunity; Qualified immunity; Governmental in nature vs. Proprietary in nature; N.C. Gen. Stat § 160A-296; Affirmative duty; Roadway obstructions; Tree ordinance; Waiver of governmental immunity; Liability insurance; Insurance policy effect on the defense of governmental immunity; N.C. Gen. Stat. § 153A-435; Summary judgment.

Property distribution agreement; Applicability of foreign law; Constructive trust; Implied constructive trust; Express trust; General warranty deed; Land contract; Chain of title; Ownership of property.

Dismissal; pro se appellant; substantial failure to comply with the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure; default under non-jurisdictional Rules 3, 9, 26, and 28.

Legionnaire's Disease; Insurance Policy's Fungi or Bacteria Exclusion; Insurance Policy's Consumption Exception; Summary judgment; Interlocutory appeal; Construction and interpretation of an insurance contract is a question of law; Insurer's duty to defend; Duty to indemnify.

Legal malpractice; easements of record; construction of deeds

trial court did not err in awarding condemnation proceeds to lessee

Intestate Succession, Ambiguous Will, Real Property

Possession of marijuana; hemp; sufficiency versus admissibility; remedies on appeal

Assault inflicting serious bodily injury; sufficiency of evidence of serious bodily injury

no plain error where an officer testified to the contents of a search warrant and the search warrant/affidavit were entered into evidence; motion to dismiss properly denied where there was sufficient evidence that the green leafy substance seized was marijuana

officer approaching the defendant in police cruiser with blue lights flashing while blocking the only way for the defendant to leave was not a situation in which a reasonable person would feel free to leave and constituted a seizure under the Fourth Amendment

Satellite-Based Monitoring; Term of Years; Mental, Physical, or Sexual Abuse of a Minor; Fourth Amendment Reasonableness

First Amendment, true threats, communicating threats, subjective component.

motion to suppress properly denied where officer shined flashlight into vehicle and seized a plastic baggie of contraband in plain view; officer's subjective motive for a stop has no bearing in Fourth Amendment analysis

Statutory sex offense with a child; indecent liberties; appellate jurisdiction; petition for a writ of certiorari; lack of written notice of appeal from civil sex offender registration order; unpreserved challenge to sex offender registration; sufficiency of foundation for expert testimony on DNA evidence; cross-examination of defendant about inconsistent statements; evidence of penetration; failure to instruct jury on attempted sex offense

expert opinion; Rule 702(a); lay opinion; self-defense

admission of evidence; interfering or intimidating a witness

Statutory rape of a child, N.C. Gen. Stat. 14-27.25(A);
Fourth Amendment;
Consent to search;
Consent to enter

expert testimony; non-testifying expert testimony is admissible as the basis of testifying expert's opinion; officer testifying about HGN may not specify to specific alcohol concentration